Inefficiencies in agriculture in Eastern and Central Europe and the Soviet Union contributed to the financial collapse of the socialist system. Yet during the transition, agricultural production has declined. Low profits, high real interest rates, slow progress in reforms in some countries, and...

Using the data of 82 Chinese commercial banks from 2000 to 2012, this paper investigates the effect of bank ownership reforms on prudential behavior. Three main results emerge. First, state-owned commercial banks are more prudential than joint-stock commercial banks and city commercial banks...