Little research exists on the body mass index (BMI) values of 19th-century Southern blacks and whites. Using a new BMI data set and sensitivity analysis, this paper demonstrates that Southern blacks´ BMIs were greater than whites´ and both declined throughout the 19th century; therefore, the...

African-Americans entered the post-Civil War era with extremely low levels of exposure to schooling. Relying primarily on micro-level census data, we describe racial differences in literacy rates, school attendance, years of educational attainment, age-in-grade distributions, spending per pupil,...

AIDS incidences in Sudan are seldom researched with the continuous reductions in health care funds. The current share of health care in GDP is less than 2.5% which brings it in the rear of developing countries even in Sub Saharan Africa. Such deterioration has been going for the past two...

Healthcare financing the world over has been of great concern to both developed and developing countries. Thus, policies on how to finance and provide healthcare to an entire nation to include both the formal and informal sectors, rural and urban areas in low-and-middle-income countries is a...

Confidence in the federal government of the United States has been very low in recent years. The reasons for the low regard with which American politicians and institutions are held is apparent from reading the front page of every major newspaper in America. The constant lies by politicians, the...

Confidence in the federal government of the United States has been very low in recent years. The reasons for the low regard with which American politicians and institutions are held is apparent from reading the front page of every major newspaper in America. The constant lies by politicians, the...

Confidence in the federal government of the United States has been very low in recent years. The reasons for the low regard with which American politicians and institutions are held is apparent from reading the front page of every major newspaper in America. The constant lies by politicians, the...

Notably, the 20th century was dominated by the legacy of devastating global wars, colonial struggles, and ideological conflicts as well as effort s to establish international systems that would foster global peace and prosperity. Yet, insecurity and corruption not only remain, they have become...

Do countries with serious inequality problems make a greater effort? Is equity a key element in social spending budget design? We have attempted to answer these, and other, questions throughout this article. The objective of this work is to analyze the economic and institutional factors...

This paper examines the relationship between government spending and charitable activity. We present a novel way of testing the 'crowding out hypothesis', making use of the fact that welfare provision under the Old Poor Laws was decided on the parish level, thus giving the heterogeneity we need...