India’s retailing sector is expected to remain in a transition spiral for the foreseeable future. Because of India’s unique context – in terms of history, regulation, institutions, demographics, geography, and traditions – there is limited applicability of the available theories of...

In 2013 China launched the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), including in Indonesia a “Twenty-first Century Maritime Silk Road (Road)” that crosses the Indian Ocean (IO) and continues up into the Mediterranean. For Africa this produced an early Eastern focus for which there has been no...

After the global financial crisis, both export growth and economic growth have trended downward, while exports’ contributions to percentage change in GDP fell off markedly after 2011. For this study, we adopted an export multiplier approach by which exports’ indirect effects on the domestic...

Proposals for incorporating information on the quality of human, social, and environmental conditions in more authentic and comprehensive versions of the Gross National Product (GNP) or Gross Domestic Product (GDP) date back to the foundations of econometrics. Typically treated as external to...

This article discusses the unitended effects of increased anti-corruption enforcement by the United States Department of Justice and the Securities & Exchange Commission. With the emergence of other maturing economies, the United States can no longer assume that most companies will tolerate its...

Digital technology has penetrated various fields, including international trade. This study aims to analyze how barriers/openness to trade in digital services affected exports before the COVID-19 pandemic (2015-2016) and during the pandemic (2019-2020). Based on the Gravity model, exports seem...

The concept of globalization is interpreted by various authors in terms of its importance or content. Thisarticlepresents results of an analysis of the influence of globalization trends on important macroeconomic indicators of selected countries. An examination of the level of globalization as a...

El artículo plantea la dificultad para analizar la globalización en América Latina.Destaca la posibilidad de centrarse a estudiar la compenetración de la región conla globalización, igualmente, la forma en que debe ser estudiado el proceso partiendode la situación y perspectiva que tenga...

Summary The European Union has reached a critical juncture in dealing with the fallout from the 2008 financial meltdown that started in the USA and spread to engulf banks and the financial markets of Europe. The ensuing recession or stagnation in many member countries was compounded by austerity...

In the context of the trends changing the balance of forces in the global economy, this paper mainly highlights the economic, political and strategic influences that the emerging countries, members of the BRICS group, undertake worldwide. The current economic crisis has imposed the enlargement...