Since January 2006 all Medicare beneficiaries have been eligible to obtain outpatient prescription drug coverage through private stand-alone drug plans (PDPs). We estimate a model of beneficiary demand for PDPs and use it to compute the loss of consumer surplus due to tightening PDP formularies...

We use established methods and recent data to estimate the effects of changes in premium taxes and Medicaid eligibility on the likelihood of being covered by public or private insurance. We find Medicaid expansion for working adults will crowd-out private insurance at a high rate and that...