This chapter constitutes a preliminary attempt to examine the interaction between European Union agencies and international institutions, both in theory and in practice. More specifically, the chapter asks whether EU agencies operate as channels through which international institutions exert...

This chapter focuses on the institutions of regulatory governance in the European Union (EU). It shows that regulation in the EU is a complex political process in which multiple actors interact across different levels of governance. Over the years such interaction has led to the build-up of...

In charge of European police and judicial co-operation respectively, Europol and Eurojust are tasked with facilitating exchange of information, providing support to member states in coordinating operational activities. While ‘cooperation’ or ‘coordination’ agencies endowed with...

This paper focuses on the growing role of European Union (EU) agencies in the management of trans-boundary crises. It makes this development explicit, demonstrating that the emergence of multiple agencies with specific crisis preparation or response tasks has transformed the EU’s crisis...

A key challenge that European decision-makers struggle with today is regulating and governing the European financial and economic system in a way that is both effective and legitimate. To help address this challenge, this paper asks why regulatory gaps occurred and European governance has been...

The realization of the European Union's climate change and energy goals is said to require a shift towards a sustainable, competitive as well as secure energy system. This shift entails considerable uncertainties as regards the behavior of the multitude of actors involved, which are exacerbated;...

Autonomy and accountability of public agencies are two sides of the same coin, yet often they are examined separately and at only one point in time. This contribution therefore examines the interaction between accountability and autonomy over time. It does so in the context of a European Union...