Leniency Programs. Damage actions may reduce the attractiveness of Leniency Programs for cartel participants if their … cooperation with the competition authority increases the chance that the cartel’s victims will bring a successful suit. A long … analysis shows such compromise is not required: limiting the cartel victims’ ability to recover their loss is not necessary to …

strategies deter cartel formation. With leniency policies offering immunity to the first reporting party a high fine is the main …

-stage cartel formation experiment where multiple ringleaders may emerge. Although theory predicts that cartels will always be …This paper experimentally analyzes the cartel coordination challenge induced by the discrimination of cartel … ringleaders in leniency policies. Ringleaders often take a leading role in the coordination and formation of a cartel. A leniency …

common beliefs and the existing literature, that conspirators often apply for leniency long after a cartel collapses. We …

While price-fixing cartel prosecutions have received significant attention, the policy determinants and the political ….S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing … penalties related to fines and jail terms. There appear to be four distinct cartel policy regimes: pre-1978, 1978-1992, 1993 …

cases, the individual leniency program increases the owners' tolerance for cartel activity for two reasons: Either the …