In a high-crime environment with many high-income citizens, private security companies which off er protection against … crime can fl ourish. In this article crime is modelled as a game where richer victims yield a higher return on crime, but … with decreasing returns to crime as more criminals choose crime to supplement their income. Private security providers off …

This paper examines the relationship between immigration and crime in a setting where large migration flows offer an … opportunity to carefully appraise whether the populist view that immigrants cause crime is borne out by rigorous evidence. We … consider possible crime effects from two large waves of immigration that recently occurred in the UK. The first of these was …

Using department level administrative data from 1826 to 1936 we document the evolution of crime rates in 19th century … France and we estimate the impact of a negative income shock on crime. Our identification strategy exploits the phylloxera … timing of this shock we instrument wine production and we identify the effects of the shock on property and violent crime …

interest influence waste management and disposal. Through an impact on policy enforcement costs, crime activities in a defined … waste levels are influenced by waste tariff and crime; econometric analysis on Italian provinces, shows that separated … collection and legal forms of waste disposal are lower when crime spills are present. Crime activities erode and slow down the …