partial or captured democracy. We provide as well econometric support showing that even when de facto is modelled as a …

Africa where liberal democracy was thought to be taking root have witnessed its truncation either through military putsches … consolidation of liberal democracy in Africa dual focused. It assumes that liberal democratization presents a systemic dilemma in …'s need to reinvent liberal democracy in line with local peculiarities and critical interests of its socio-political base …

inevitable, much less natural, and has connected the state of democracy worldwide to rising economic inequality. Wealth transfers … of wealth require that the participatory and representative facets of democracy be kept in check. Beyond suitable … political parties point to two distinct forms of oligarchy in play: plutocracy, representing the decay of liberal democracy, and …