This paper provides a theoretical explanation for the persistent use of alphabetical name-orderings on academic papers in economics. In a context where market participants are interested in evaluating the relative individual contribution of authors, it is an equilibrium for papers to use...

This paper examines why referees for academic journals and grant applications are often not paid for their work. We postulate that referees are motivated by a non-monetary concern for journal quality and also by monetary considerations. Increasing pay is, therefore, a means of encouraging...