I present the following proposal: information revealed during non-cartel investigations by competition law enforcement … typically cannot be directly used for a cartel case due to the underlying statutes and the legal and administrative procedures … proposed rule change could increase the efficiency and effectiveness of cartel enforcement, and open an additional front in the …

informed about the strength of a cartel case. I show that the Competition Authority can then exploit firms' uncertainty about … leniency), which overall raises both cartel desistance and cartel deterrence. Finally, I discuss the policy implications of the …

Leniency Programs. Damage actions may reduce the attractiveness of Leniency Programs for cartel participants if their … cooperation with the competition authority increases the chance that the cartel’s victims will bring a successful suit. A long … analysis shows such compromise is not required: limiting the cartel victims’ ability to recover their loss is not necessary to …