Several countries, mainly European, have introduced patent boxes, which reduce the corporate tax rate applicable on income generated from successful research and development (R & D) expenditures. Quebec has implemented a form of patent box for manufacturing firms that generate income from...

This paper surveys the various forms of market failure that can arise when innovating entrepreneurs consider entering an industry, and outlines possible implications for public policy. Externalities can arise from entrepreneurial activities such as spillover benefits from new innovations and...