We study empirically the price effects of upstream cartels that sell through downstream retailers to final consumers. We focus on a German coffee producer cartel that colluded under two different regimes: (i) involving wholesale prices in 2003 and (ii) with additional resale price maintenance...

A major part of antitrust violations are comprised by price fixing arrangements, as they operate against the standard of price being determined by market forces. Such arrangements are a cause of concern in both horizontal and vertical markets. In this regard, Resale Price Maintenance agreements...

This paper (only available in Spanish) summarises the relevant literature in the field of vertical restraints in connection with retail markets and distribution, and provides some insights from Chilean practice

This paper explores the concept of vertical restraints or restrictions. It includes references to the competition law regimes of the European Union (EU), United States (US), and the People's Republic of China, as well as the key case law. It is part of the Concurrences' Global Dictionary of...

This article responds to Professor Benjamin Klein's recently published article that describes a comprehensive procompetitive rationale for RPM - resolving the incentive incompatibility between the brand manufacturer and the retailers that sell that brand. Retailers commonly have insufficient...

This document (of 307 pages) comprises the proceedings of a roundtable meeting on Refusals to Deal held by the OECD's Competition Committee in October 2007. It consists of an executive summary, a background paper by Jeremy West of the OECD Secretariat, 21 delegation submissions and a summary of...

In a 5-4 antitrust decision in Leegin, the Supreme Court in 2007 overruled the nearly century-old precedent of Dr. Miles to end per se condemnation of minimum resale price maintenance (RPM) in favor of a rule of reason analysis. This decision places the United States at odds with the European...

Over the past fifty years antitrust theorists and economists have advanced several pro-competitive explanations for minimum resale price maintenance [RPM]. Additionally, scholars have argued that non-price vertical restraints (such as territorial exclusivity) and RPM have similar effects on...

This paper examines Minimum Advertised Price (MAP), a vertical restraint that is observed in manufacturer-retailer interactions. Under MAP, the manufacturer announces that it will reimburse retailers for a fraction of their advertising expenditures if retailers do not advertise the product at...