The paper reexamines Lipset's theory of democratization, by distinguishing the role of (economic) development from that …-market aspirations - and forces the elite to expand redistribution. Along the lines of this trade-off, our theory provides a Lipsetian … explanation of the positive relationship between economic development, education, and democratization, and of the negative …

We develop a theory of endogenous regimes transitions (with a focus on democratic consolidation), which emphasizes the … individual commitment across citizens to defend democracy against a potential military coup, and it is an endogenous state … and the state. Parents invest resources in order to transmit their own political values (commitment to democracy) to their …