human capital choice. We show that the change in gender employment cyclicality can explain 38 to 44 percent of the emergence …

nation’s potential output. Boosting employment prospects is also critical, as the country will soon be ageing at a fast pace …. Despite long working hours, labour utilisation is only average due to structurally low employment rates, particularly at both … ends of the age spectrum, with some marked regional differences. The female employment rate is especially low, in part due …

, period, and cohort effects for the likelihood of employment in different occupations and the wages earned therein over 2001 …-2019. For recent generations of women, cohort effects indicate a higher likelihood of employment in low-paying manual jobs …

-standard employment into account, by relating the empirical model more explicitly to optional value model theory on retirement decisions …-time employment is negatively related to labor market withdrawal of older men. This relationship is less strong among women …. Additionally, we find that part-time employment at older ages does not decrease the average actual hours worked. Furthermore, the …

to estimate the impact of school reopenings on parental employment and work hours. We first use a difference … employment and on actual hours worked. The effects tend to be stronger for single parents: single mothers have experienced a 20 … percentage point increase in their employment rate following school reopenings. We also split our sample according to whether the …

increasing employment among healthy people under 70. …

and elderly is not surprising and is likely to continue because of workers’ need for access to employment-based health …