Often, administrative reform is guided by a 'blueprint approach'. Thinking about reform begins with an assessment of the actual situation. When present arrangements are found unfavourable, the question arises what a better administration would look like. In a subsequent design process,...

Debriefing is an important phase in gaming simulations. It is the activity where participants make the transfer from the experiences they acquired during the simulation to real life situations, or in other words, it is the phase where the actual learning has to take place. Therefore, due...

In recent years, the idea that public policy can be viewed as a horizontal and polycentric process (if not a series of interlocked processes) has become widely acknowledged in the field of public administration research. Still to be explored, however, are implications of this view for policy...

Strategies for change in organizations often have unintended effects, and their intended effects are not always achieved. In this article, some aspects of the dynamics of such strategies are analyzed. Strategies are shown to be transformed in the course of processes of change, especially as a...

Policy processes evolve in highly institutionalized environments, and policy effects are generally shaped by these environments. Policy outcomes could therefore be expected to be patterned and even predictable. In practice, however, prediction of policy outcomes is difficult. In part this lack...

The idea of the knowledge economy has brought with it a new paradigm of work that espouses the professionalization of all work. This new paradigm is now affecting the organization of work throughout the economy. However, not all work is knowledge work, whatever definition is used. The number of...