This note proposes a coherent system enabling interpretation and manipulation of rates of interest (or rates of return) including an imaginary component. This may help to throw new light on equations involving complex solutions, especially when valuing investment projects. In addition, a series...

The persistent uncertainty about mid-century CO2 emissions targets is likely to affect not only the technological choices that energy-producing firms will make in the future but also their current investment decisions. We illustrate this effect on CO2 price and global energy transition within a...

We consider a multinational firm that seeks to maximize its total amount of interest tax shield while following a constant debt ratio policy on a global level. The firm's total interest tax shield can then be considered as a piecewise-linear increasing function that is concave with respect to...

This article uses different standpoints to approach the question of the consistency of project valuation methods. It shows that the NPV of a project can be obtained by discounting adjusted operating cash flows at a different rate from the risk-adjusted discount rate which should normally be...

A firm using a discount rate defined at the corporate scale as a Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) may have to value projects subject to a different tax rate from the one used to calculate its discount rate. Moreover, to determine the economic value of a project, the WACC and Arditti-Levy...

In this article, we show how to value projects financed by subsidized loans using the standard WACC method, with three distinct assumptions concerning the debt ratio targeted by the firm. In fact, the subsidized loan amount used to calculate this debt ratio can be determined according to book...