, to modify two unidimensional poverty indices: the Sen (1976, 1979) index and the Palma (2011) ratio. By implicating the … proportion of the population (the “poor”) with incomes below a poverty line, P is the average income gap ratio (< 0) of the poor … relative to the poverty line, and G_poor is the Gini (1912, 1921) coefficient of the censored poverty gap ratios for the …