We revisit the pros and cons of cartel criminalization with focus on its possible introduction in the EU. We document a … sometimes all members of a cartel. We argue that, coupled with the non-disclosure of leniency statements and the insufficient … cartel convictions. Together with evidence on the current level of fines, this points at the need to introduce …

cartel formation, cartel stability and cartel recidivism. The program leads to lower prices for three reasons. First, non …-cooperators are more persistent in their behavior which effectively blocks cartel formation in their respective groups. Second …, members of groups that do form a cartel defect more often thus reducing the average cartel lifetime. Third, the difference …

experiment. Based on chat communication content and price setting behavior, this authority judges whether firms formed a cartel …

for the first firm(s) that self-report being part of a cartel and have become the main enforcement instrument used by … inducing firms to self-report or cooperate with a cartel investigation in exchange for a reduction in sanctions. Since they … convictions for the competition authority at the expense of reduced cartel deterrence and social welfare. Hence, it is vital for …

Competition authorities need a better understanding of the determinants of cartel self-reporting in order to increase … cartel members’ incentives to apply for the benefit from leniency programs and thus improve the effectiveness of anti-cartel … 1996 and 2020, we estimate which type of cartel member is most likely to be the first or subsequent leniency applicant. Our …

development of the innovative and modern leniency policy. Following the examination of the main conditions and reasons for cartel …

that expanding rights of action has on leniency applications, this Article employs a game-theory model first created by …

) actions that aim to stop cartel activity in the short-term, immediately following successful prosecution; (c) actions that aim … pricing and periods of cartel pricing. We determine the impact of CA activity on deterred, impeded, and suffered harm. We … show how these break down into measures of the Direct Effect of interventions (i.e. the effect due to cartel activity being …