Every production process gives rise to unintended outputs. We argue that whether an output is desired or undesired, is not given per se, but depends on the economic circumstances which change over time. As a result, by-products of one industry, first perceived as non-marketable wastes, may...

In June 2010 Poland was electrified by the big news: the country claimed to hold the largest shale gas reserves in Europe. Following the enthusiastic approach of the government and extractive companies, the public discourse has focused on the expected economic and geopolitical benefits of shale...

In this paper we estimate the economic value of selected ecosystem services provided by White Storks in a Polish ‘stork village’. A stork village is a common name for a village with a White Stork breeding colony, often inhabited by more storks than people. Zywkowo, the best known stork...