Policies to address climate change and the energy transition are increasingly gaining ground. However, a large body of research has mainly focused on the efficiency aspect of different instruments rather than their unintended side-effects. Only recently, both policymakers as well as researchers...

This paper examines the relationship between the EBRD's project portfolio in the Western Balkan energy sector, and the region's main energy and environment problems. It argues in favour of geographically centered appraisals of the environmental sustainability of multilateral energy investment....

In recent years, national and global energy security has become a key political and economic issue, and the players in this global energy game are also diversified. Corresponding to the diversified sectors and multiple components, energy security can be studied from a number of perspectives. We...

Services of general interest (SGI) are a key component of the EU economy, accounting for 26% of GDP and 30% of employment within the EU. They cover economic and noneconomic activities alike. They are to be distinguished from services of general economic interest (SGEI), which are economic...

This paper looks at the interrelationship between external shocks and integration processes in the relationship between two relatively small states (Belarus and Ukraine) and their much larger neighbor (Russia). It contrasts Russia’s willingness and ability to use energy as a soft-power...

The issue of energy security is being reviewed from a standpoint of geopolitics. The contention is that geopolitics is inescapably related to the question of energy security for a simple reason: the contradiction between the universal character of energy demand and the nation-state’s exclusive...

The South Asia Region (SAR) continues to face electricity shortages, underinvestment and challenges to improve energy access. Strengthening cooperation for cross-border electricity trade in South Asia makes it possible for the region to take advantage of significant benefits from greater...