rates and reduce output as compared to non-integration. Horizontal integration of IP holders (or a patent pool) solves the … complements problem but not the double mark-up problem. Vertical integration discourages entry and reduces innovation incentives …, while horizontal integration always encourages entry and innovation. …

-stacking effect would hurt efficiency and downstream competition. In this paper we show that when we consider patent litigation and … Cournot effect. We show that the lower the total royalty that a downstream producer pays, the lower the royalty that patent … in the royalty that unconstrained large patent holders will charge that may overturn some of the standard predictions in …

At which stage in the production chain should patent licensing takes place? In this paper we show that under realistic … circumstances a patent holder would be better off by licensing downstream. This occurs when the licensing revenue can depend on the … when, instead, we assume that the downstream licensee is less informed about the validity of the patent. In most cases …

The Constitution gives Congress the power to "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts." The patent system … v. MercExchange, this Note advocates a patent system that will allow access to stagnant patents sooner. The proposed … system starts with an initial exclusive patent period that is much shorter, and then includes renewable periods of …

We show that the common wisdom suggesting higher investment in innovation under a stronger patent protection may not be … slope of the marginal cost of undertaking innovation is moderate, investment in innovation is maximised at a patent … innovation. We also show that welfare is maximised neither at the strongest patent protection nor at the weakest patent …

discourages entry and reduces innovation incentives, while horizontal integration always benefits from entry and innovation …

This paper examines the implications of Open Source License (OSL) selection on software innovation, and suggests how …

critiquing current patent practice implicitly assumes that the patent functions as a form of technical document ….Careful consideration of the artifices by which a new patent is staged reveals parallels to the known staging of technical papers, including … strength. In each situation, assertions about, respectively, science or innovation become coherent facts only if subsequent …