Starting in the 1960s with the Kennedy Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), nontariff measures … (NTMs) have been replacing tariffs continuously as the core element of trade negotiations. Today they take centre stage in … all EU trade agreements with industrialised and emerging economies. By matching product codes to the rich data of NTM …

China's accession to the World Trade Organisation in 2001 was hailed as the natural conclusion of a long march that …

Trade facilitation policies intend to simplify administrative processes and accelerate the handling of shipments across … borders. Recent research shows that these policies have substantial effects on trade flows. In this chapter, we discuss what … the existing evidence for trade implies for the provision of transportation services. In addition, we make use of a …

-affected environments. Against that background, the purpose of this working paper is twofold: it sets out to explore trade issues that can … undermine effective disaster response, and then outlines how these trade issues might be addressed, including through … implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement as well as through technology-enabled services and the expansion of disaster …

This paper develops a new model of trade policy under dictatorship and democratization. The paper makes two … by studying the endogenous interaction between the form of government and trade policy. The paper’s second contribution … is to show how a dictatorship can manipulate trade policy to maintain its grip on power in the face of permanent world …

Traditional international trade models explain comparative advantage and describe aggregate gains for a country from … trade and from terms-of-trade improvement but do not address the politics of international trade policy. A positive or … predictive model that studies the politics of trade policy requires two premises, both with public choice origins: (1) that …

country, a rethinking of its economic and trade policies and significant domestic structural reforms. It often implies the … has one of the most liberal trade regimes and largely benefits from the new trade opportunities that WTO accession has … TFA by Georgia as part of its commitment to reduce transaction costs, enhance efficiency and reduce lengthy and costly …

In the past few decades China has put substantial efforts into liberalising its trade and economy that accelerated … after its accession to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in December 2001. In this period China has significantly reduced … it the country notifying the second largest number of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) to the WTO after the United …

We demonstrate that durable MFN tariff elimination affects trade patterns through several layers, and magnitudes of … associated with identifying effects of non-discriminatory trade policies due to two reasons: (i) ITA constitutes a quasi … additional trade gains - over and above tariff reductions - especially for intermediate goods. The commitment to durable tariff …