This article is part of a larger legal-constitutional project aiming to close the gap between the EU's normative commitments to socio-economic justice and the practical workings of its economic integration project. It focuses on the Internal Market, and the changes required in the CJEU's case...

The European Commission, the European Parliament and the UK government have all expressed a determination to safeguard specific risks for Ireland as a whole or Northern Ireland connected to the UK's withdrawal from the EU. However, a "Hard Brexit" aspired by the UK government with its ambition...

This long annotation to the ECJ's decision in Mangold focuses on the question whether the Court indeed approved of horizontal effects of directives, or whether the relevance of the case is narrower and more important at the same time. I defend the view that the Court accorded exclusionary...

The Agreement on the UK’s withdrawal from the EU of January 2020 should focus on dissolution, while the future relationship is governed by the yet to ratify Trade and Cooperation Agreement of December 2020. Yet, continuing bonds impact on the future, most prevalent in the situation of EU...

Conventional wisdom has it that the EU is unable to promote viable social integration, which contrasts with its commitments to improving working and living conditions and to social values and goals such as solidarity, social protection and social inclusion. This article challenges two different...

This article discusses whether European social partners can derive the competence to autonomously devise European collective labour agreements from Article 139 EC (equals Article III-212 Constitution of Europe). Placing the question in the context of discussions of EU governance and private...