The global financial crisis renders visible and urgent a perennial (although often ignored) tension in financial regulation with respect to the extent to which governments should intervene to fix the financial markets. Because the maintenance of confidence is at the heart of much financial...

Self-regulation should involve expertise, and efficiency, and may work better across national borders than legal regulation anchored to a particular national legal system. On the other hand, self-regulation may be self-interested regulation. The paper describes recent changes in financial...

Many of the main actors constructing financial regulation in the wake of the global financial crisis era have a stated commitment to transparency. However, transparency in financial regulation is undermined because the information disclosed is simultaneously limited and excessive. On one hand,...

Many of the main actors constructing financial regulation in the wake of the global financial crisis era have a stated commitment to transparency. However, transparency in financial regulation is undermined because the information disclosed is simultaneously limited and excessive. On one hand,...

The recent financial crisis has generated agreement on the need for new transnational standards for financial regulation. When governments work together to develop transnational standards and rules they do so using processes which are not uniform, which often seem to develop in an ad hoc manner,...

The Lisbon Treaty came into force in the European Union as the global financial crisis developed into a European sovereign debt crisis. Transparency is a component of accountability, and a means of addressing the EU's democratic deficit. The Lisbon Treaty established a new commitment to...

Changes in the market for information are challenging financial regulation by disrupting settled distinctions on which financial regulation depends. In some cases these settled distinctions are based on explicit or implicit understandings of technological conditions, in other cases the...