This article proposes ways to improve retirement outcomes for defined contribution plan participants in terms of three … key drivers: savings rates, investment strategies, and post-retirement distributions. Levers include raising saving rates …

: while it may be more efficient to have highly productive individuals work more and retire older, earlier retirement may be …, efficient retirement ages must increase in productivity. We also show that this pattern is implemented by pension benefits that … not only depend on the age of retirement, but are designed to be actuarially unfair. Second, in a version of environment …