The construction of international trade accords has sparked controversy among a range of critics concerned with competing economic and social priorities. This dispute over a “free trade” agenda occasionally spills into the streets as the debate gains a public platform during high profile...

This paper asks whether the exclusion of environmentalists by the Cheney Energy Task Force can be understood in First Amendment terms as a form of belief-based discrimination. The Task Force operated secretively in the early weeks of the administration; counseled by industry but cloistered from...

This chapter examines the role of non-state actors in promoting compliance with climate change instruments and finds that their contribution has been substantial. Non-state actors are proven enforcers – sometimes more effective than states. Climate cases brought by non-state actors to...

This was prepared as a white paper for heads of state and delegations preparing for the 34-state Summit of the Americas held in 2001 in Quebec City. It argues that certain environmental challenges, such as climate change, natural disaster vulnerability, and the impact of development on resource...