This Article examines the activities of various multinational enterprises (MNEs) involved in the Prestige oil spill of, 2002. The liability exposure of such enterprises is found to have been minimized by three legal phenomena which result from the current treatment of MNEs under national and...

We conduct a large-scale global study of ESG-linked pay for major firms that make up 85% of the market capitalization across 59 countries. We find that the pay adoption is higher for firms in extractive and utility industries, in countries that value individualism and femininity, have stronger...

In this article, I discuss how preferential trade agreements have started incorporating consumer protection provisions, in deviation from the traditional practice of leaving consumer protection to domestic law. The article first outlines the traditional frontier between consumer law and trade...

This paper provides an overview of the ongoing debate on the international Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism (SDRM) architecture by highlighting two key aspects, the contractual and the statutory approach, while also alluding to alternatives that have been set forth, such as arbitration,...

Under the notion of human rights due diligence (HRDD), firms are under a responsibility to account for the social and environmental impact connected to their operations across global value chains. This responsibility intersects with the sphere of operation of voluntary sustainability standards...

The 1982 LOS Convention locked in the quot;Thames Formula,quot; an approach that assigns primacy to flag States in implementing and enforcing the international maritime regime. Decades of experience have demonstrated that the balance of interests struck by the Thames Formula fails to meet the...

This article addresses some of the complex legal issues raised by the sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction and the deficiencies in its existing legal protection. The importance ofsuch an undertaking was emphasised by the Conference of the Parties...

The Article proposes new interpretations of GATT Article XX to minimize the harmful effects of recent WTO jurisprudence that threaten to undermine the goals of the trading system and diminish the role of states in policymaking. In the Shrimp/Turtle cases the WTO's Appellate Body (AB) utilized an...