The value of time used in commuting to work is an important component of the total cost of these trips. This document estimates that, on average, a worker needs 57 minutes a day, which in monetary terms is equivalent to 8 euros a day. This cost differs by area, being the workers living in the...

This paper investigates whether there exists an employment penalty from motherhood in Spain. In particular, we are interested in transitions from employment to non-employment and downward occupational mobility. Results show that Spanish women experience significant transitions from employment to...

This paper analyses the increase in mothers¿ employment in Britain over the period 1974¿2000. The approach consists of isolating those birth cohorts whose mothers experienced significant increases in employment and relating those to changes in policies (maternity rights, taxation and...

This paper analyzes the employment of individuals older than 55 years of age using a dataset for Catalonia. We pin down the groups of individuals associated with lower employment rates: females,disabled and people with low qualifications. Part-time work rates for this age group are low,...

This paper studies the relationship between parental employment and time with children in Spain. We find large differences across genders in basic primary and secondary childcare, but not in quality primary childcare. The analysis shows no significant differences in quality primary childcare...

This paper investigates the employment of individuals older than 55 years old using a dataset for Catalonia. We pin down the groups of individuals associated with lower employment rates: females, disabled and people with low qualifications. Part-time work rates for this age group are low,...

This paper investigates transitions from employment to non-employment and downward occupational mobility after motherhood in Spain. Around 40 per cent of Spanish women who were at work 1 year before childbearing leave employment, most permanently, and one-third of these exits move to...