between corporate controlling shareholders and minority shareholders during China’s split-share structure reform, wherein … shareholders. Our initial analysis provides evidence that profit-promised firm-years are, on average, associated with income … ownership. Further analysis documents that the exit threat of institutional shareholders can discipline earnings management …

expressed by the proxy proposals sponsored by shareholders), and monitoring by the largest institutional owner on earnings …

This paper examines whether shareholder rights, which enable shareholders to replace managers, can constrain earnings …