Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) between the European Union (EU) and trade partners go far beyond mere elimination of tariffs to include such diverse issues as non-tariff barriers, competition legislation, investment protection, and more. Implementing such provisions requires deep institutional and...

Many different approaches have developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements (FTAs). Moving on from models using simple dummy variables, today a range of databases can capture different aspects of NTMs and FTAs. Some assess the depth of FTAs by extracting...

The European Union (EU) represents a large and highly integrated bloc which contributed 19.4% of global GDP and over 30% of global exports in 2012. As of July 1, 2013 it consists of 28 member states. All of them belong to the customs union and the Single European Market (SEM) in which most...

Ein Gutachten des IfW Kiel im Auftrag der IMPULS-Stiftung des VDMA zeigt: Deutschlands Wohlstand wird entscheidend von der internationalen Arbeitsteilung getragen. Erschwert Deutschland in Reaktion auf die Coronakrise die Kooperation mit ausländischen Lieferanten, etwa um Lieferketten durch das...