-based measures and a composite index. The trade-based measures capture the effects of total trade, exports, and imports while the … significance of total trade and exports in promoting economic growth in Botswana, but also the lack of growth impetus from imports … ARDL bounds testing approach. The study employs four different proxies for trade openness, which include trade …

growth. Except for the use of exports to measure trade openness, using openness index and imports to proxy for trade openness …, more openness, exports and imports lead to increased economic growth. This implies that a significant proportion of … economic growth in Uganda has been due to short-run increase in the country's openness, more exports and imports. This paper …

Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC), with emphasis on both the role of exports and imports in economic growth in a … multivariate framework including gross fixed capital formation, energy consumption, import, and export as the regressors. Design … that partially, export had a significant positive effect on economic growth, while import had a significant but negative …

This paper examines equilibrium relationships and dynamic causality between economic growth, exports, and imports in … Nepal using time-series data between 1965 and 2020. This research examines the impact of exports and imports on the economic … growth of Nepal and documents empirical evidence in exports-led growth, imports-led growth, growth-led exports, and growth …