We investigate empirically how investor objectives condition the design of financial contracts as manifest in private investment in public equity (PIPE) deals. We hypothesize that varying objectives among different types of institutional investors affect the observed allocation of cash flow...

I study the causes and consequences of staging in the setting of private investments in public equities (PIPEs). I find that, in PIPE investments, as in venture capital staging, the staging strategy is used by investors as a monitoring mechanism to mitigate information asymmetry and agency...

The SEC launched in 2002 enforcement actions against investors involved in PIPE (Private Investments in Public Equity) transactions. We describe the legal ramifications of this enforcement initiative, and document dramatic contemporaneous market-wide changes in the contractual structure of...

We investigate the investment behavior and exit performance of VCs that have pursued expansion outside their home locations. Our findings indicate that in the Asian VC markets, foreign VCs have relative advantages over local VCs in terms of size and experience while they are at disadvantage in...

We investigate the investment behavior and exit performance of VCs that have pursued expansion outside their home locations. Our findings indicate that in the Asian VC markets, foreign VCs have relative advantages over local VCs in terms of size and experience while they are at disadvantage in...

We explore the firm's required return on equity when it has a target debt ratio (TDR). We show that a firm's expected return is increasing in the product of the distance between its debt ratio (DR) from its TDR (E[TDR-DR]), its speed of adjustment, and the spread of its tax benefits of debt over...

Funds of hedge funds are diversified investment vehicles that provide investors with diversification either across managers within a specific hedge fund strategy or across a wide range of hedge fund strategies. In this paper, we contrast the performance of funds of hedge funds that diversify...

The article provides an overview of the emerging PIPE market and existing academic research in this area. I start with an introduction of the PIPE market, such as the definition of PIPE, security structure, and commonly used contract terms. Then I review existing papers examining the cost of...

We examine the firm's choice between an SEO and a PIPE, an innovation in follow-on equity selling mechanism seen in the late 1990s. Our primary finding indicates that the rapid rise of the PIPE market fills the capital needs of firms which may not have access to more traditional alternatives....

We investigate the market structure and the pricing by placement agents of private investments in public equities (PIPEs). Our findings indicate that more reputable agents are associated with larger offers and with firms possessing lower risk. Agent reputation is positively associated with lower...