The fractal and self-similarity properties are revealed in many complex networks. The information dimension is a useful method to describe the fractal and self-similarity properties of the complex networks. In order to show the influence of different parts in the complex networks to the...

This paper presents a simulation model for bi-directional pedestrian behavior. Guide effect and press effect performed by pedestrians with same direction, and contain effect performed by opposite pedestrians were considered as potential effects. Potential field was defined to simulate the...

In this paper we study the existence and uniqueness of the Lρ2p(Rd;R1)×Lρ2(Rd;Rd) valued solutions of backward doubly stochastic differential equations (BDSDEs) with polynomial growth coefficients using weak convergence, equivalence of norm principle and Wiener–Sobolev compactness arguments....

In this work we provide a stochastic representation for a class of semi-linear stochastic fractal equations, and prove the existence and uniqueness of Wρ1,p-solutions to stochastic fractal equations by using purely probabilistic argument, where ρ is a suitable weighted function, and Wρ1,p is...

Serious char formation caused by the repolymerization of unsaturated decomposition products is a considerable challenge for current lignin utilization. Here, a novel and efficient base-catalyzed depolymerization and in situ hydrogenolysis process for lignin decomposition and char elimination was...

Cellulosic ethanol made from cellulosic biomass is an alternative to petroleum-based transportation fuel. The cost-effectiveness of cellulosic ethanol manufacturing has been hindered by several technical barriers. One such barrier is that low density of biomass causes high costs of biomass...

Poyang Lake, directly connected with the Yangtze River, is one of the most frequently flooded areas in China. The frequent large floods have caused huge damages to the environment and economy and threatened the life of approximately 10 million people. Understanding the changing characteristics...

This paper examines, for the first time, the trade and FDI impacts of a North American Security Perimeter that would liberalize the post 9/11 security measures at the Canada-US border. First, the study estimates econometrically the impact of post 9/11 security measures on bilateral (US-Canada)...

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the total factor productivity (TFP) performance of Chinese counties and cities over the period from 2007 to 2010. Chinese regional and urban–rural TFP performance are investigated by using county-level data, and the impact of the urbanization policy on...