schools on March 2, 2020, but preschools were exempted from this nationwide school closure. Taking advantage of this natural … effects of the school closures, we exploited the discontinuity in the probability of “schooling” at a certain age (in months … raise their children. These findings together suggest that school closures have no lasting negative effects on marital …

This article provides an overview of the extent of school closures and the use of distance learning in the Nordic … literature suggests that school closures can be expected to have long term negative effects on skill formation and future … students are when exposed to remote instruction. Given the extent of school closures, students in compulsory schooling in …

We study the effect of school closures and the transition from on-site to on-line teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic … in the Finnish upper secondary schools. To identify the effects we exploit variation in the length of school closure …-secondary education than the students who experienced shorter school closures. Moreover, we show that inequalities across Finnish students …

We leverage the timing of pandemic-induced school closures to learn about the emergence of ordinal rank effects in … peer interactions during the first year of middle school - when students are still unfamiliar with one another …

We match cell phone data to administrative school records and combine it with information on school learning modes to …-21 school year. Public schools averaged less EIPL than private schools. Schools in more affluent localities and schools with a … larger share of non-white students provided lower EIPL. Higher school spending and federal emergency funding is associated …

We match cell phone data to administrative school records and combine it with information on school learning modes to …-21 school year. Public schools averaged less EIPL than private schools. Schools in more affluent localities and schools with a … larger share of non-white students provided lower EIPL. Higher school spending and federal emergency funding is associated …