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This paper explores how the basic amount of a fine is calculated, analyses how the basic fine adjustments due to aggravating and mitigating circumstances vary or converge across jurisdictions and reviews several challenges competition authorities often face when levying fines based on the...
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This paper aims to analyze the interfaces between Brazilian Competition Law and the issue of access to medicines, with a special focus on abuse of industrial property rights and related exclusionary and exploitative effects. The paper analyzes the case law of Brazilian Administrative Council for...
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impact of vertical restraints. Further, whether it would be advisable for Brazil to write formal guidances regarding its …
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enforcement agencies and courts in the European Union (“EU”) and in Brazil. A comparative analysis of the treatment of vertical … competition law system is not as mature as the EU system, but Brazil has established itself as one of the key antitrust players … among the fast-growing economies. Although less mature than its EU counterpart, Brazil has adopted an effects-based approach …
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Market definition is a core concept of competition law in the European Union, the United States and Brazil. The present … then embarks on a discussion of market definition in digital markets in the EU, US and Brazil, with a particular focus on …
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