Although the future socio-economic benefits of a new fibre-based (“next generation access”, NGA) telecommunications …

of competition policy with the creation of internal energy and communications markets. The paper considers the multiple …

This paper analyzes one-way access and, in particular, local loop unbundling (LLU) in telecommunications markets. At … implemented by using the 'internet protocol' when consumers have broadband access, LLU may, in the end, spur competition in … markets for voice telephony as well. Thus LLU is an important way to stimulate competition in the broadly defined market for …