In recent years, online retailers have not only acted as product resellers, a format commonly referred to as reselling; but also started to serve as online marketplaces for suppliers to directly access their customers and charge a proportion fee for providing this access, a format commonly...

Recently, manufacturers have not only sold through retailers, but also started to directly access customers via online intermediaries by paying a proportional fee. This paper studies the incentive for the intermediaries' vertical demand information sharing with the manufacturers and retailers...

This paper studies the impact of mergers between public and private firms in vertically-differentiated markets on product repositioning, profits, consumer surplus, and social welfare. We analyze a game-theoretical model with a public firm and two private firms in which the public firm’s...

Mergers between state-owned enterprises(SOEs) and private enterprises(PEs) have attracted increasing attention, especially in low-carbon industries, as a way to realize mixed ownership reform. This paper examines the impact of these horizontal mergers on carbon emissions, profits, social...