The U.S. has approximately 1,600 cryptocurrencies. No cryptocurrency is qualified to be called money because none has been designated by the U.S. government as being legal tender. Cryptocurrencies are called virtual currencies because they possess a few of the qualities of money. In this...

Since the amount of simultaneously circulating cryptocurrencies is increasing rapidly worldwide, this study aims to question the effects on competition between privately issued cryptocurrencies and central bank issued fiat currencies by postulating a coexistence theory despite extreme scenarios....

This paper develops an equilibrium model of proof-of-work cryptocurrencies. Equilibrium behaviour of miners and users are characterized for exogenous blockchain protocol metrics. This paper shows that an equilibrium between miners and users can be achieved in the long run. High fixed mining...

Cryptocurrencies have grown exponentially and gained increasing attention in recent years, and while it's true that it's secure by design, “Security” remains the cornerstone of any and all cryptoassets.To benchmark the global cryptocurrencies market from a security perspective, track current...

We study to what extent the Bitcoin blockchain security permanently depends on the underlying distribution of cryptocurrency market outcomes. We use daily blockchain and Bitcoin data for 2014-2019 and employ the ARDL approach. We test three equilibrium hypotheses: (i) sensitivity of the Bitcoin...

This paper studies to what extent the cost of operating a proof-of-work blockchain is intrinsically linked to the cost of preventing attacks, and to what extent the underlying digital ledger's security budgets are correlated with the cryptocurrency market outcomes. We theoretically derive an...

This paper studies the asset pricing implications of mining pools' concentration. We incorporate two features specific to cryptocurrencies into a traditional dynamic asset pricing model. First, we introduce the technological arms race between mining pools, and second, the interdependency between...

We introduce systematic tests exploiting robust statistical and behavioral patterns in trading to detect fake transactions on 29 cryptocurrency exchanges. Regulated exchanges feature patterns consistently observed in financial markets and nature; abnormal first-significant-digit distributions,...

This paper introduces the most comprehensive data available to date on centralized and decentralized exchanges run off of distributed ledger technologies. First, we document the rapid growth in decentralized exchanges and their differences in volume and price dynamics from centralized exchanges....

Unmolested prices have been shown to exhibit an expected, natural distribution characterized by Benford's law. Deviations from this distribution indicate an anomaly, and typically that anomaly is caused by some type of fraud. With bitcoin, we conducted an analysis for the entire period of daily...