In this short paper we outline the Newton-Raphson methods used for solving and minimizing complex equations that often have no analytical solution. We outline the formulae, their origins and give a simple example of their application

We have performed a series of five strategic analyses of Japanese Megabanks. This paper is the last analysis in the series, where we compare RUFG and key competitors using a ‘strategy canvas' to assess competitiveness. Furthermore we evaluate the prospect of finding ‘blue ocean'...

We perform a series of five strategic analyses of Japanese Megabanks. This paper is the fourth analysis in the series, where we analyse the financial service industry dynamics to assess how Japanese Megabanks and RUFG should best position themselves to exploit opportunities, protect against...

We perform a series of five strategic analyses of Japanese Megabanks. This paper is the third analysis in the series, where we explore to what extent Japanese Megabanks and RUFG have a ‘core competencies' that are valuable, rare, inimitable, non-substitutable and whose benefits are...

We perform a series of 5 strategic analyses of Japanese Megabanks. This paper is the second analysis in the series, where we carry out a macro scenario analysis of financial services relevant to Japanese Megabanks. We look to study the implications such a scenario analysis has for corporate...

We perform a series of 5 strategic analyses of Japanese Megabanks. In this paper we review how changes in relative prioritization of stakeholders may impact corporate strategy at Japanese Megabanks. We look to answer the following questions via a case study with reference to RUS Megabank.Which...

Libor is arguably the world's most important number, with more than USD 200 trillion of derivatives, loans, securities and mortgages referencing this rate in the US markets alone. The Libor benchmark rate is being replaced with alternative reference rates (ARRs) and there is no guarantee the...

Yield Curves reflect the borrowing and lending rates over a range of maturities within a particular market and currency. Yield curves capture the term structure of interest rates and provide observers with a means of comparing short- and long-term interest rates.There are different types of...

In this article we illustrate how to price bonds and calculate the accrued interest, clean- and dirty price, from which we can compute a bond invoice i.e., the present value for a given cash investment in the bond. We present the classical bond pricing formulae and show how to modify this...

Exotic, bespoke and long-dated options require careful model selection, calibration and pricing. Local Volatility models struggle to fit the smile and skew observed in financial markets and smile tends to flatten for long-dated maturities. Stochastic Volatility (SV) models such as the Heston...