Recidivism has in the last few years attracted much attention and controversy in the context of EU antitrust enforcement. The treatment of recidivism by the European Commission and the EU Courts has often been criticized, and the observed incidence of recidivism has led to some questioning of...

The EC antitrust prohibitions are regularly invoked in private litigation as a shield. Private parties also play an important role in public antitrust enforcement through complaints to the competition authorities. However, in marked contrast with the situation in the US, private actions for...

This paper concerns the relationship between public antitrust enforcement and private actions for damages, focusing in particular on the enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 EC. In the first half of the paper, I examine the respective roles of public antitrust enforcement and private actions for...

Turkish Abstract: Bu makalede, hukukun temel ilkelerinin birçoğunun kaynağını oluşturan, Roma Hukukuna dayanan ne bis in idem ilkesinden söz edilerek bu ilkenin kapsamı, nasıl bir hukuki güvence sağladığı, ceza hukuku yönünden neler getirdiği, Kabahatler Kanunu’ndaki durumu...

As businesses and other entities have sought to collect more personal data on individuals, the public has pushed back, and lawmakers throughout the United States and elsewhere have responded by passing data protection laws. Recent data protection laws passed by the European Union and by several...

This chapter deals with the enforceability of U.S. opt-out class actions in continental Europe, with special attention to Italy, France and Spain. The study sets out by a thorough analysis of U.S. precedents concerning the availability of extra-compensatory damages in complex litigation (among...

Many have argued that thought should constitute per se unpatentable subject matter, and some have even suggested that any patent claim that includes a mental step should lie outside patentability. Many courts have long disagreed with such a draconian rule, and have instead upheld myriad patent...

Following the Jussila and Menarini judgments, it is now entirely clear that Article 6 ECHR, as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights, provides no grounds for abandoning the system in which the European Commission both investigates suspected infringements of the EU antitrust...

Our laws have sought to promote “and enforce a sense of morality in the business community. Well-settled laws regulating fraud, undue influence, fiduciary relationships, confidential information, truth-in-advertising, fair reporting practices, etc., have their origins in moral codes and...

Law is the way civilized societies provide for the conduct of citizens to enhance harmony and optimize achievement of personal liberties. Our laws are an attempt to deal with many of the most horrible ways humans treat each other. Laws are also divided into many sub-specialties, each requiring...