Most accounting studies use only public enforcement actions (SEC cases) to measure accounting fraud. However, private cases (securities class actions) also play an important enforcement role. We discuss the legal standards and processes for both public and private enforcement regimes, emphasize...

We examine how an auditor assesses the risk of fraud and formulates an audit plan when the auditee has the opportunity to commit various types of fraud. Unlike previous studies, the auditee can misappropriate assets (also called defalcation), misreport financial information (also called...

We examine the deterrence effect of the Dodd–Frank whistleblower provision on accounting fraud. To facilitate causal inference, we use state False Claims Acts (FCAs), under which whistleblowing about accounting fraud at a firm invested in by a state's pension fund can result in monetary...

Accounting scandals are becoming perpetual in nature. They range from the ancient Mesopotamia, to the South Sea Bubble of 1720, to the famous Enron of 2001, down to Parmalat, Tesco and Toshiba of today. The series of accounting scandals that have occurred in the last two decades calls for a...

Professional accountants external to the organization are appointed by statute of law to verify the authenticity of financial statements of an organization. They are commonly known as statutory auditors. Since financial decision of a large part of the society related to the business depends upon...

Der Fall Wirecard ist der größte Wirtschaftsskandal der Nachkriegszeit. Die Topmanager Markus Braun und Jan Marsalek wandern in Haft oder tauchen unter und der Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland steht maximal beschädigt da. Über Jahre hinweg trommelten Analysten für die Aktie, Prüfer hielten...