We study the relationship between financial constraints and employment formalization by exploiting heterogeneity in the industry-level degree of financial dependence, in the spirit of Rajan and Zingales (1998). This dependence, and variation in aggregate credit, lets us measure industry-level...

Larger Indian firms selling inputs to other firms tend to have more customers, tend to be used more intensively by their customers, and tend to have larger customers. Motivated by these regularities, I propose a novel empirical model of trade featuring endogenous formation of input-output...

The Jobs of the World Project is a public resource designed to enable research on jobs and poverty across and within countries over the entire development spectrum. At its core is a new data set assembled by harmonising Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and National Censuses (IPUMS) for all...

Der wirtschaftliche Konvergenzprozess zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland verläuft seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre langsam, stoppte aber nicht. Der IW-Einheitsindex als zusammengesetzter Indikator aus sieben ökonomischen Kennzahlen erreichte im Jahr 2021 bereits 78 Prozent des westdeutschen...

This paper is an empirical study on the effects of export instability on corruption, in developed and developing countries. We consider that corrupt transactions may arise from the necessity to protect against the detrimental effects of income fluctuations on welfare. We assume that export...

Economic instability may trigger ex ante and ex post corruption strategies, respectively resulting from the perception and experience of economic fluctuations. Using measures of export instability reflecting its ex ante and ex post effects, dynamic panel estimations are conducted with corruption...

The Value-Added Tax (VAT) is the most prevalent consumption tax globally, yet it is frequently deemed highly regressive. To address this, we propose a Personalized VAT (PVAT) devised in conjunction with a distributional policy. We aim to achieve three objectives: increase revenue collection,...

The long-run price elasticity of demand for credit is a key parameter for intertemporal modeling, policy levers, and lending practice. We use randomized interest rates, offered across 80 regions by Mexico's largest microlender, to identify a 29-month dollars-borrowed elasticity of -1.9. This...

Mezzo Economics covers the area between the Micro and Macro Economics and the organizational approach of the economics of the integral economic communities, which are made of microeconomic entities. Mezzo Economics represents an organizational loop between the Macro economic system and Micro...

Die Politik in Deutschland setzt u. a. auf Zuwanderung von Hochqualifizierten aus Drittstaaten zur Schließung von Fachkräftelücken. Das Ziel der Studie ist es, geeignete Instrumente für eine derartige selektive Steuerung der Zuwanderung zu identifizieren. Die Studie untersucht die...