This paper outlines the core issues of the introduction of a new PE nexus based on digital presence. It puts forward its essential features and rethinks the foundations of the concept of sourcing for income tax purposes in the global economy. Our proposal of a new PE nexus based on digital...

This paper analyzes the differences in legal nature between the common law concept of Agency and the civil law concept of Commissionaire in light of articles 5(5) and 5(6) of the OECD Model Tax Convention. The author contradicts the idea of interpreting the civil law concept of Commissionaire is...

The benefits of a tax treaty are generally granted to persons who are residents of one of the Contracting States. The determination of such tax residence status is, however, not always an easy task and is particularly problematic in relation to entities whose tax characterisation differs from...

International tax avoidance by multinational corporations is now front-page news. In a time of public austerity, citizens and legislators around the world have focused on the erosion of the corporate income tax base. In response, in 2012 the G-20 — the gathering of the leaders of the world's...

The article argues that despite the fanfare around it, the outcome of the BEPS project is unlikely to be dramatic, at least in the short term. Beyond a period of increased legal uncertainty and aggressive enforcement by some countries, it expects little substantive change in tax treaties. The...

This paper introduces a new dataset that codes the content of 519 tax treaties signed by low- and lower-middle-income countries in Africa and Asia. Often called Double Taxation Agreements, bilateral tax treaties divide up the right to tax cross-border economic activity between their two...

The Multilateral Instrument to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) is one action by the OECD to address tax-base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), i.e., double non-taxation or strategies consisting of artificially shifting profits to low-tax...

As part of the G20 countries, Indonesia and Turkey have shown their commitments to the OECD/G20 BEPS Project since the very beginning, including the MLI Project. Along with the other 66 jurisdictions, Indonesia and Turkey signed the MLI on 7 June 2017. Indonesia and Turkey already have a tax...

In this article, the author discusses the assistance of examples of the application of the principal purpose test (PPT) listed in the Commentary on Article 29(9) of the OECD Model (2017) in establishing the legal certainty of the test. To demonstrate the weak elements of the PPT, the author...