This Study contains the final version of the document elaborated by the IBFD Task Force on the Digital Economy as a submission to the European Commission in the framework of its 2021 Public Consultation on the possible introduction of an EU digital levy. Based on a reconstruction of the...

This study aims to provide feedback to the OECD on its Public Consultation, launched on 9 October 2019. The sections of this document mirror the questions for public comment included in that Consultation.This document consists of eight sections. After the overall assessment, each section...

This study aims to provide feedback to the OECD on its Public Consultation, launched on 8 November 2019, on the specific matters of the Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) Proposal, also known as Pillar Two of the BEPS 2.0 Project, as included in the Public Consultation Document (The "Public...

This article addresses the interaction between the Global minimum tax rules (namely, the Income Inclusion and the Undertaxed Payment Rule) with tax treaties. In particular, the article analyses potential limitations to the application of the Income Inclusion Rule by the provisions of Article 9...

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) under Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Action 2 indicated that tax arbitrage via hybrid mismatch arrangements “result in a substantial erosion of the taxable bases of the countries concerned” and “have an overall...

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the different kinds of concerns related to the notion of “unfair prices” in tax and competition policy, respectively. The focus is on the rules governing transfer pricing within the setting of international tax policy, and on those governing the...

This article aims at identifying the most relevant shortcomings of any initiative of fighting against abuse of the right of establishment on the basis of a priori set substance indicators. It does so by reference to the Unshell Directive proposal against the broader background of the need to...