This article examines the determinants of various rates of agricultural subsidies (output, input, exchange rate distortions, and aggregate) using commodity-level data from eight African countries in the 1980s. Econometric results indicate that structural adjustment policies were more effective...

Women’s disadvantaged position in the labour market can be explained by conflicts between their roles in exercising an economic activity and in assuming their domestic activities. Husbands’ insufficient or inexistent income has increased women’s role in household survival strategies, but...