commitments under trade agreements (multilateral and regional agreements) and applied tariffs- what is also known as tariffs … equivalent to a level of tariffs between 1.7 and 8.7 percentage points. …

The majority of research to date investigating strategic tariffs in the presence of multinationals finds a knife … of endogenously chosen tariffs. As is standard, Nash equilibrium tariffs are higher than the socially optimal tariffs …. Unlike existing models with homogeneous firms, we find that non-cooperative tariffs promote the existence of low …