), which was adopted to support recovery from the Covid-19 crisis, represents the first large-scale EU-wide investment … coming decades, which will require additional public investment equivalent to at least 1% of EU economic output per year. Nor … would the reform of EU fiscal rules under consideration enable a sufficient increase in public investment at the national …

This report explores the EU's bold efforts to diversify energy sources, ramp up renewable energy use, and enforce … extent the EU has overcome infrastructural and geopolitical challenges to end its reliance on Russian fossil fuels and …

The Decade of Crises -- Economically Struggling Europe -- Globalization and Migration in Interplay -- EU Migration … EU on the Path to Consolidation? -- COVID-19 Exposes Many Weaknesses of the EU -- What Future for the EU?. … energy crisis and climate change. Content Crises shape Europe COVID-19 exposes many weaknesses of the EU Europe in ruins …

This paper provides an overview of energy and (implicit) CO2 taxation in the EU member countries. Against the … background of the EU energy taxation directives, energy and implicit CO2 tax rates in the EU countries are discussed, focussing … be on the rise in the EU. Evidence on the economic impacts of energy and carbon taxes furthermore shows that a double …

This paper sets up a model of private consumption for selected EU countries with special emphasis on the impact of …

. Both the EU 27 and the UK have committed to reaching net zero by 2050, and include carbon pricing as part of their strategy …. The paper provides an overview of the current status of carbon pricing in the EU 27 + UK, and coming policy developments … such as the introduction of a UK Emissions Trading System (ETS), now that the UK has left the EU, reform of the EU ETS, and …