poverty. It shows the prevalence of non-positive incomes in high- and middle-income countries, provides an analysis of the … standard poverty indexes. It is argued that negative and zero incomes cannot be treated equally in terms of household well …-being and that standard methods used by practitioners fail to recognize this fact likely resulting in overestimations of poverty. …

nearly 0.7 percentage point reduction in poverty nationally and 3.4- 4.1 percentage reductions in the regions. These results … with geographic targeting in high-poverty districts. The results also show the relevance and effectiveness of PMT as a …