We study how the excess market return depends on the time of the day using E-mini S&P 500 futures that are actively traded for almost 24 hours. Strikingly, four hours around European open account for the entire average market return. This period's returns are consistently positive in every year,...

Option traders are considered among the most informed investors because their trades strongly predict future stock returns. We identify the source of their information edge using a quasi-exogenous shock to insider trading enforcement. With the arrest of Raj Rajaratnam, prosecutors launched an...