standards. I introduce a two-stage game with both voting and market competition. In equilibrium, standards and market outcomes … innovation with SEPs generates greater social welfare than a less efficient standard without SEPs. A key finding is that voting …

&D competition's effects on patent values using game-theory approaches. Cost-reduction patent values increase with technology level …Research and development (R & D) competition is standard, and it heavily affects patent values. This study captures R … and decrease with the competition. Technology spillover's impact on innovation depends on R & D's properties. This study …